Labarai - Bincika manyan abubuwa guda uku waɗanda ke buƙatar auna daidai lokacin isar da cibiyar injin CNC.

Binciken Maɓalli na Maɓalli a cikin Madaidaicin Karɓar Cibiyoyin Mashin ɗin CNC

Abstract: Wannan takarda ta yi bayani dalla-dalla kan abubuwa guda uku masu mahimmanci waɗanda ake buƙatar auna su daidai lokacin da ake isar da cibiyoyin injinan CNC, wato daidaiton geometric, daidaita daidaitaccen matsayi, da yanke daidai. Ta hanyar zurfafa bincike na ma'anar kowane madaidaicin abu, abubuwan dubawa, kayan aikin dubawa da aka saba amfani da su, da tsare-tsaren dubawa, yana ba da cikakkiyar jagorar tsari don aikin karɓar cibiyoyin mashin ɗin CNC, wanda ke taimakawa wajen tabbatar da cewa cibiyoyin mashin ɗin suna da kyakkyawan aiki da daidaito lokacin da aka isar da su don amfani, cika buƙatun sarrafa masana'antu masu inganci.

I. Gabatarwa

A matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mahimman kayan aiki a masana'anta na zamani, daidaiton cibiyoyin injin CNC yana shafar ingancin kayan aikin da aka sarrafa da ingancin samarwa. A lokacin matakin isarwa, yana da mahimmanci don gudanar da ingantattun ma'auni masu mahimmanci da kuma yarda da daidaiton lissafi, daidaitawa, da yanke daidai. Wannan ba wai kawai yana da alaƙa da amincin kayan aikin ba lokacin da aka fara amfani da shi, amma har ma da garanti mai mahimmanci don aikin kwanciyar hankali na dogon lokaci na gaba da ingantaccen aiki.

II. Duban Madaidaicin Geometric na Cibiyoyin Mashin ɗin CNC

(I) Abubuwan dubawa da Bayani

Ɗaukar cibiyar injunan injina ta tsaye a matsayin misali, ingantaccen binciken sa na geometric ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu mahimmanci da yawa.

Flatness na Worktable Surface: A matsayin clamping reference for workpieces, da flatness na worktable surface kai tsaye rinjayar da shigarwa madaidaici na workpieces da planar ingancin bayan aiki. Idan flatness ya zarce haƙuri, matsaloli kamar rashin daidaituwa kauri da tabarbarewar yanayi za su faru lokacin sarrafa kayan aikin tsarawa.
Matsakaicin Juyin Juya Halin Motsi a cikin Kowane Jagoran Gudanarwa: Rarrabuwar daidaituwa tsakanin gatura mai daidaitawa na X, Y, da Z zai haifar da 扭曲变形 a cikin sifar geometric na sarari na kayan aikin da aka sarrafa. Misali, lokacin da ake niƙa kayan aikin cuboid, gefuna na asali na perpendicular za su sami sabani na angular, suna da matukar tasiri ga aikin taron na workpiece.
Daidaitawar saman saman Aiki yayin Motsi a cikin Jagoran Haɗakarwa na X da Y: Wannan daidaici yana tabbatar da cewa alaƙar matsayin dangi tsakanin kayan aikin yanke da saman tebur ɗin aiki ya kasance koyaushe lokacin da kayan aikin ke motsawa cikin jirgin X da Y. In ba haka ba, yayin da ake niƙa na tsari, ba daidai ba na machining iznin zai faru, wanda zai haifar da raguwar ingancin saman har ma da wuce gona da iri na kayan aikin yankan.
Daidaiton Gefen T-slot akan Surface Worktable yayin Motsi a cikin Jagoran Haɗin kai X: Don ayyukan injin da ke buƙatar daidaitawa ta amfani da T-slot, daidaiton wannan daidaiton yana da alaƙa da daidaiton shigarwar kayan aiki, wanda hakan yana rinjayar daidaiton matsayi da daidaiton machining na kayan aikin.
Axial Runout na Spindle: Gudun gudu na axial na spindle zai haifar da ƙaramin ƙaura na kayan aikin yankan a cikin jagorar axial. A lokacin hakowa, m da sauran machining matakai, shi zai haifar da kurakurai a cikin rami diamita size, tabarbarewar cylindricity rami, da kuma karuwa a surface roughness.
Radial Runout na Spindle Bore: Yana rinjayar daidaitattun kayan aikin yanke, yana haifar da radial matsayi na kayan aiki ya zama maras tabbas yayin juyawa. Lokacin niƙa da'irar waje ko ramuka masu ban sha'awa, zai ƙara kuskuren siffar kwane-kwane na ɓangaren injin, yana da wahala a tabbatar da zagaye da cylindricity.
Daidaitawar Axis Spindle lokacin da Akwatin Spindle ke motsawa tare da Jagoran daidaitawa Z: Wannan madaidaicin ma'aunin yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da daidaiton matsayi na dangi tsakanin kayan aikin yanke da kayan aiki yayin yin injin a wurare daban-daban na Z-axis. Idan daidaiton ya kasance matalauta, rashin daidaituwa zurfin machining zai faru a lokacin niƙa mai zurfi ko m.
Daidaitawar Axis na Juyawar Spindle zuwa saman Tebur mai Aiki: Don cibiyoyin injuna a tsaye, wannan madaidaicin kai tsaye yana ƙayyade madaidaicin mashin ɗin a tsaye da filaye masu karkata. Idan akwai karkatacciyar hanya, matsaloli kamar wuraren da ba na tsaye ba da kuma kusurwoyin da ba daidai ba za su faru.
Madaidaicin Motsin Akwatin Spindle tare da Jagoran Gudanarwa na Z: Kuskuren madaidaiciya zai sa kayan aikin yanke ya karkata daga madaidaicin madaidaiciyar yanayin yayin motsi tare da axis Z. Lokacin yin gyare-gyare mai zurfi ko matakai masu yawa, zai haifar da kurakurai na coaxial tsakanin matakai da kuskuren madaidaiciya na ramukan.

(II) Kayan Aikin Dubawa Da Aka Yi Amfani da su

Binciken madaidaicin geometric yana buƙatar amfani da jerin manyan kayan aikin dubawa. Ana iya amfani da madaidaicin matakan don auna ma'auni na saman aikin aiki da madaidaiciya da daidaituwa a cikin kowane jagorar axis daidaitawa; madaidaicin akwatunan murabba'i, murabba'i na kusurwa-dama, da masu mulki masu kama da juna zasu iya taimakawa wajen gano daidaito da daidaito; bututun haske na layi ɗaya na iya samar da madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar layukan madaidaici don ma'aunin kwatance; Ana amfani da alamun bugun kira da micrometers don auna ƙananan ƙayyadaddun ƙaura da gudu, irin su axial runout da radial runout na spindle; Ana yawan amfani da sandunan gwaji masu inganci don gano madaidaicin guntun sandal da alakar matsayi tsakanin sandal da gatura mai daidaitawa.

(III) Tsare-tsaren dubawa

Dole ne a kammala ma'aunin ma'auni na geometric na cibiyoyin mashin ɗin CNC a lokaci ɗaya bayan daidaitaccen daidaitawar cibiyoyin injin CNC. Wannan saboda akwai alaƙa masu alaƙa da ma'amala tsakanin ma'anoni daban-daban na daidaiton lissafi. Misali, flatness na worktable surface da kuma daidaici na motsi na daidaita gatari iya ƙuntata juna. Daidaita abu ɗaya na iya samun amsawar sarƙoƙi akan wasu abubuwan da ke da alaƙa. Idan an daidaita abu ɗaya sannan aka duba ɗaya bayan ɗaya, yana da wahala a tantance daidai ko daidaitaccen ma'auni na geometric da gaske ya cika buƙatun, kuma hakanan bai dace ba don gano tushen tushen ɓata madaidaici da gudanar da gyare-gyare na tsari da ingantawa.

III. Sanya Madaidaicin Binciken Cibiyoyin Injin CNC

(I) Ma'ana da Tasirin Abubuwan Da Yake Matsakaici

Sanya daidaitattun matsayi yana nufin daidaitaccen matsayi wanda kowane madaidaicin axis na cibiyar injinan CNC zai iya cimma ƙarƙashin ikon na'urar sarrafa lambobi. Ya dogara ne akan daidaiton kulawar tsarin kula da lambobi da kurakurai na tsarin watsa injiniyoyi. Ƙaddamar da tsarin kula da lambobi, interpolation algorithms, da kuma daidaitattun na'urorin gano ra'ayoyin za su yi tasiri a kan matsayi daidai. Dangane da watsa injina, abubuwa kamar kuskuren farar dunƙule gubar, dalla-dalla tsakanin dunƙule gubar da goro, madaidaiciya da gogayya na layin jagora suma sun fi ƙayyadad da matakin daidaitaccen matsayi.

(II) Abubuwan dubawa

Sanya Madaidaicin Matsayi da Maimaitu Madaidaicin Matsayi na Kowane Motsi Motsi na madaidaiciya: Matsayi daidai yana nuna kewayon karkata tsakanin matsayi da aka ba da umarni da ainihin matsayin da aka kai na madaidaicin axis, yayin da madaidaicin matsayi mai maimaita yana nuna matakin tarwatsewar matsayi lokacin da madaidaicin axis yana ta motsawa akai-akai zuwa matsayi guda da aka umarta. Misali, lokacin yin jujjuyawar kwane-kwane, daidaitaccen matsayi mara kyau zai haifar da rarrabuwa tsakanin sifar kwane-kwane da aka ƙera, kuma madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin matsayi zai haifar da rashin daidaituwar machining yanayin lokacin sarrafa kwane-kwane sau da yawa, yana shafar ingancin farfajiya da daidaiton girma.
Koma Madaidaicin Tushen Injini na Kowane Motsi Motsi na Linear: Asalin injin shine maƙasudin ma'aunin ma'aunin daidaitawa, kuma daidaicin dawowar sa kai tsaye yana shafar daidaiton matakin farko na axis bayan an kunna na'urar ko aikin dawo da sifili. Idan madaidaicin dawowar bai yi girma ba, yana iya haifar da rarrabuwa tsakanin asalin tsarin daidaitawa na workpiece a cikin injina na gaba da asalin da aka ƙera, yana haifar da kurakuran matsayi na tsari a cikin gabaɗayan aikin injin.
Komawa na Kowane Motsi Motsi na Linear: Lokacin da daidaitawar axis ta canza tsakanin gaba da juyawa, saboda dalilai kamar keɓancewa tsakanin abubuwan watsawa na inji da canje-canjen gogayya, koma baya zai faru. A cikin ayyukan injina tare da motsi gaba da juyawa akai-akai, kamar milling zaren ko yin jujjuyawar juzu'i, ja da baya zai haifar da “mataki”-kamar kurakurai a yanayin injin, yana shafar daidaiton injina da ingancin saman.
Sanya Madaidaicin Matsayi da Maimaitu Madaidaicin Matsayi na kowane Axis Motsi na Rotary (Rotary Worktable): Don cibiyoyin injina tare da tebur na aikin jujjuya, daidaiton matsayi da maimaita madaidaicin madaidaicin gatura motsi suna da mahimmanci don sarrafa kayan aiki tare da madaidaicin madauwari ko sarrafa tashoshi da yawa. Misali, a lokacin sarrafa workpieces tare da hadaddun madauwari rarraba halaye kamar turbin ruwan wukake, da madaidaicin axis Rotary kai tsaye kayyade angular daidaici da rarraba uniformity tsakanin ruwan wukake.
Koma Madaidaicin Asalin Kowanne Motsi Motsi: Kama da layin motsi na linzamin kwamfuta, madaidaicin madaidaicin asalin juzu'in motsin motsi yana rinjayar daidaiton matsayin sa na kusurwa na farko bayan aikin dawo da sifili, kuma yana da mahimmancin tushe don tabbatar da daidaiton sarrafa tashoshi da yawa ko sarrafa madauwari.
Komawa na Kowane Motsi Motsi na Rotary: Sakamakon baya da aka haifar lokacin da axis na juyawa ya canza tsakanin gaba da jujjuyawar juyi zai haifar da karkacewar angular lokacin yin injin madauwari ko yin nunin angular, yana shafar daidaiton siffar da daidaiton matsayi na aikin.

(III) Hanyoyin dubawa da Kayan aiki

Binciken madaidaicin matsayi yawanci yana ɗaukar ingantattun kayan aikin dubawa kamar su interferometers na laser da ma'aunin grating. Interferometer na Laser daidai yana auna ƙaura daga madaidaicin axis ta hanyar fitar da katako na Laser da auna canje-canje a cikin ɓangarorin tsoma baki, don samun alamomi daban-daban kamar daidaiton matsayi, daidaitaccen matsayi mai maimaitawa, da ja da baya. An shigar da sikelin grating kai tsaye a kan madaidaicin madaidaicin, kuma yana ciyar da bayanan matsayi na axis ɗin daidaitawa ta hanyar karanta canje-canje a cikin ratsin grating, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don saka idanu akan layi da duba sigogin da suka danganci daidaitawa.

IV. Yanke Madaidaicin Binciken Cibiyoyin Injin CNC

(I) Hali da Muhimmancin Yanke Daidai

Matsakaicin yankan cibiyar mashin ɗin CNC shine cikakkiyar madaidaicin madaidaicin, wanda ke nuna madaidaicin matakin mashin ɗin da kayan aikin injin zai iya cimmawa a cikin ainihin tsarin yankewa ta hanyar la'akari da la'akari da abubuwa daban-daban kamar daidaiton geometric, daidaitaccen matsayi, yankan aikin kayan aiki, yankan sigogi, da kwanciyar hankali na tsarin tsari. Binciken madaidaicin yanke shine tabbatarwa na ƙarshe na aikin gabaɗaya na kayan aikin injin kuma yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da ko kayan aikin da aka sarrafa na iya biyan buƙatun ƙira.

(II) Rarraba Bincike da Abubuwan da ke ciki

Duban Mashina Guda Daya
- Ƙimar Ƙarya - Roundness, Cylindricity: Ban sha'awa tsari ne na mashin ɗin gama gari a cibiyoyin injina. Zagawa da silindari na ramin gundura kai tsaye suna nuna madaidaicin matakin kayan aikin injin lokacin da motsin jujjuya da layin layi ke aiki tare. Kurakurai na zagaye za su haifar da girman diamita mara daidaituwa, kuma kurakuran cylindricity zai haifar da axis na ramin don lankwasa, yana shafar daidaitattun daidaito tare da wasu sassa.
- Flatness da Bambancin Mataki na Planar Milling tare da Ƙarshen Mills: Lokacin da ake niƙa jirgin sama tare da ƙarshen niƙa, daɗaɗɗen yana nuna daidaito tsakanin farfajiyar aiki da jirgin motsi na kayan aiki da rashin daidaituwa na yankan kayan aiki, yayin da bambancin matakin yana nuna daidaiton zurfin yankan kayan aiki a wurare daban-daban yayin aikin niƙa na planar. Idan akwai bambancin mataki, yana nuna cewa akwai matsaloli tare da daidaiton motsi na kayan aikin injin a cikin jirgin X da Y.
- Perpendicularity da daidaici na Side Milling tare da Ƙarshen Mills: A lokacin da milling gefen surface, da perpendicularity da parallelism bi da bi gwada perpendicularity tsakanin igiya juyawa axis da daidaita axis da parallelism dangantaka tsakanin kayan aiki da kuma tunani surface a lokacin da yankan a kan gefen surface, wanda yake shi ne na babban muhimmanci ga ensionation da kuma gefen siffar precision na surface taro.
Madaidaicin Binciken Machining Madaidaicin Ƙirar Gwaji
- Abubuwan da ke ciki na Yanke Madaidaicin Binciken don Cibiyoyin Injin Injiniya
  - Madaidaicin Tazarar Ramin Bore - a cikin Jagoran X-axis, Jagoran Y-axis, Diagonal Direction, da Rage Diamita Diamita: Madaidaicin tazarar ramin rami cikakke yana gwada daidaitaccen matsayi na kayan aikin injin a cikin jirgin X da Y da ikon sarrafa daidaitaccen girma a cikin kwatance daban-daban. Matsakaicin diamita na rami yana ƙara nuna daidaiton kwanciyar hankali na tsari mai ban sha'awa.
  - Madaidaici, Daidaituwa, Bambancin kauri, da Matsakaicin Niƙa Daban Daban tare da Ƙarshen Mills: Ta hanyar niƙa saman kewaye tare da masana'anta na ƙarshen, madaidaicin matsayi na kayan aiki dangane da sassa daban-daban na workpiece za'a iya gano shi yayin aikin haɗin gwiwar axis da yawa. Madaidaici, daidaitawa, da daidaituwa daidai gwargwado suna gwada madaidaicin siffar geometric a tsakanin saman, kuma bambancin kauri yana nuna daidaitaccen sarrafa zurfin kayan aiki a cikin jagorar Z-axis.
  - Madaidaici, Daidaituwa, da Daidaituwar Haɗin Axis Biyu Milling na Madaidaitan Layukan: Milling na axis guda biyu na madaidaiciyar layi shine ainihin aikin injin kwane-kwane. Wannan madaidaicin dubawa na iya kimanta madaidaicin yanayin kayan aikin injin lokacin da gatura X da Y ke motsawa cikin daidaitawa, wanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tabbatar da daidaiton kayan aikin injin tare da sifofi madaidaiciya madaidaiciya.
  - Roundness na Arc Milling tare da Ƙarshen Mills: Madaidaicin milling na arc galibi yana gwada daidaitaccen kayan aikin injin yayin motsi na arc interpolation. Kurakurai masu zagaye za su yi tasiri ga daidaitaccen siffar kayan aiki tare da kwandon baka, kamar gidaje masu ɗaukar hoto da gears.

(III) Sharuɗɗa da Abubuwan Bukatu don Yanke Madaidaicin Dubawa

Ya kamata a gudanar da binciken madaidaicin yanke bayan an karɓi daidaiton geometric da daidaitaccen matsayi na kayan aikin injin a matsayin wanda ya cancanta. Ya kamata a zaɓi kayan aikin yankan da suka dace, sigogin yankan, da kayan aikin aiki. Kayan aikin yankan ya kamata su kasance da kaifi mai kyau da juriya, kuma ya kamata a zaɓi madaidaicin madaidaicin daidai gwargwadon aikin kayan aikin injin, kayan aikin yankan, da kayan aikin kayan aikin don tabbatar da cewa an bincika ainihin ainihin kayan aikin injin a ƙarƙashin yanayin yankan na yau da kullun. A halin yanzu, yayin aikin dubawa, ya kamata a auna aikin aikin da aka sarrafa daidai, kuma a yi amfani da kayan auna madaidaicin daidaitattun injunan aunawa da na'urori masu aunawa don kimanta daidaitattun alamomi daban-daban na yanke madaidaicin.

V. Kammalawa

Binciken ma'auni na geometric, daidaitaccen matsayi, da yanke madaidaicin lokacin isar da cibiyoyi na CNC shine maɓalli mai mahimmanci don tabbatar da inganci da aikin kayan aikin injin. Daidaitaccen geometric yana ba da garanti don ainihin ainihin kayan aikin injin, daidaitaccen matsayi yana ƙayyade daidaiton kayan aikin injin a cikin sarrafa motsi, kuma yanke madaidaicin cikakken bincike ne na gaba ɗaya ikon sarrafa kayan aikin injin. A lokacin ainihin tsarin karɓa, ya zama dole a bi bin ƙa'idodi masu dacewa da ƙayyadaddun bayanai, ɗaukar kayan aikin bincike da hanyoyin da suka dace, da ƙima da ƙayyadaddun ma'auni da ƙima da ƙima iri-iri. Sai kawai lokacin da aka cika duk madaidaicin buƙatun guda uku za a iya sanya cibiyar injin ɗin CNC a hukumance a cikin samarwa da amfani da ita, tana ba da sabis mai inganci da inganci don masana'antar masana'antu da haɓaka haɓakar samar da masana'antu zuwa mafi girma da inganci. A halin yanzu, sake dubawa akai-akai tare da daidaita madaidaicin cibiyar mashin ɗin shima muhimmin ma'auni ne don tabbatar da ingantaccen aiki na dogon lokaci da kuma ci gaba da amincin ingantattun injininta.