"Kira da Kulawa na Machining Center Spindle"
A cikin masana'antu na zamani, cibiyoyin injina suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a matsayin babban kayan aiki don cimma ingantattun injina. Kuma daya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan da ke cikin cibiyar machining - spindle, aikinsa kai tsaye yana rinjayar ingancin aiki da inganci. Don haka, ta yaya ake yin sandar cibiyar kera kayayyakin kera? Kuma ta yaya za a iya gyara mashin ɗin mashin ɗin mai tsada da kuma amfani da shi? Bari mu bi masana'anta cibiyar machining don fahimta cikin zurfi.
I. Rushe tsarin dunƙulewar mashin ɗin mashin ɗin
Abubuwan da ake amfani da su na injuna kayan aikin inji sun ƙunshi ɗorawa, bearings, da sassan watsawa. Matsayinta na da matukar muhimmanci. A gefe guda, ana amfani da shi don tallafawa sassan watsawa kamar gears da jakunkuna da watsa motsi da juzu'i; a daya bangaren kuma, wasu kuma ana amfani da su wajen danne kayan aiki, irin su mandrels. Tsarinsa na ciki yana da madaidaici kuma mai rikitarwa, kuma kowane sashi yana aiki tare da juna don tabbatar da cewa igiya na iya kiyaye daidaito da aminci yayin jujjuyawa cikin sauri.
Abubuwan da ake amfani da su na injuna kayan aikin inji sun ƙunshi ɗorawa, bearings, da sassan watsawa. Matsayinta na da matukar muhimmanci. A gefe guda, ana amfani da shi don tallafawa sassan watsawa kamar gears da jakunkuna da watsa motsi da juzu'i; a daya bangaren kuma, wasu kuma ana amfani da su wajen danne kayan aiki, irin su mandrels. Tsarinsa na ciki yana da madaidaici kuma mai rikitarwa, kuma kowane sashi yana aiki tare da juna don tabbatar da cewa igiya na iya kiyaye daidaito da aminci yayin jujjuyawa cikin sauri.
II. Machining tsari na machining cibiyar spindle
Mun san cewa tushen sarrafa kayayyakin shine kayan aikin injin, kuma tsarin sarrafa kayan aikin injin ya ma fi tacewa. Ɗaukar sarrafa kayan kwalliyar HAAS a matsayin misali, wani ɓangaren spindle wanda ba shi da nauyin kilo 170 (kimanin 77KG) ya shiga tsarin maganin zafi bayan minti 29 kawai na lokacin sarrafawa. A cikin wannan gajeren mintuna na 29, an kammala matakai biyu, kuma an cire kashi 70% na kayan.
A cikin wannan ingantaccen tsari na sarrafawa, ana amfani da lathes st40 CNC guda biyu da mutum-mutumi na axis guda shida a cikin haɗin gwiwa. Mutum-mutumi na iya ɗaukar nauyin kilo 280 kuma yana da kyakkyawan ikon maimaitawa. Ta hanyar canza shirin, za a iya aiwatar da ayyuka masu rikitarwa, wanda shine daya daga cikin dalilan da ya sa ake amfani da mutum-mutumi a cikin masana'antu. Yarda da mutum-mutumi a cikin masana'antu ba zai iya inganta haɓaka kawai ba amma har ma yana rage maimaita aikin sarrafawa ga masu aiki, ba da damar mutum ɗaya ya shiga cikin samar da tsari mai yawa, yana inganta sassauci da inganci na samarwa.
Mun san cewa tushen sarrafa kayayyakin shine kayan aikin injin, kuma tsarin sarrafa kayan aikin injin ya ma fi tacewa. Ɗaukar sarrafa kayan kwalliyar HAAS a matsayin misali, wani ɓangaren spindle wanda ba shi da nauyin kilo 170 (kimanin 77KG) ya shiga tsarin maganin zafi bayan minti 29 kawai na lokacin sarrafawa. A cikin wannan gajeren mintuna na 29, an kammala matakai biyu, kuma an cire kashi 70% na kayan.
A cikin wannan ingantaccen tsari na sarrafawa, ana amfani da lathes st40 CNC guda biyu da mutum-mutumi na axis guda shida a cikin haɗin gwiwa. Mutum-mutumi na iya ɗaukar nauyin kilo 280 kuma yana da kyakkyawan ikon maimaitawa. Ta hanyar canza shirin, za a iya aiwatar da ayyuka masu rikitarwa, wanda shine daya daga cikin dalilan da ya sa ake amfani da mutum-mutumi a cikin masana'antu. Yarda da mutum-mutumi a cikin masana'antu ba zai iya inganta haɓaka kawai ba amma har ma yana rage maimaita aikin sarrafawa ga masu aiki, ba da damar mutum ɗaya ya shiga cikin samar da tsari mai yawa, yana inganta sassauci da inganci na samarwa.
III. Shahararriyar Kimiyya: Kula da sandar cibiyar machining
Don tabbatar da aiki da rayuwar sabis na sandar cibiyar injin, ingantaccen kulawa yana da matukar mahimmanci. Daga cikin su, rage zafin aiki na kayan aiki shine muhimmiyar hanyar haɗin gwiwa don kulawa, kuma hanyar da aka saba amfani da ita ita ce lubricating mai. Akwai galibi hanyoyin lubrication guda biyu: Hanyar lubrication mai-iska da lubrication na mai.
Lubrication na wurare dabam dabam na mai
Lokacin amfani da lubrication na mai, ya zama dole don tabbatar da cewa yawan mai a cikin tankin mai zafin jiki na yau da kullun ya isa. Lubrication na mai zagayawa na iya rage juzu'i da samar da zafi lokacin saduwa da buƙatun man shafawa, kuma yana iya ɗaukar ɓangaren zafi na sassan sandar. Ta hanyar ci gaba da zagayawa mai, ana ɗaukar zafi don kiyaye igiya tana aiki a cikin kewayon zafin da ya dace.
Wannan hanyar lubrication tana buƙatar duba yawan man da ke cikin tankin mai don tabbatar da isasshen man. A lokaci guda kuma, kula da tsabtar man fetur don guje wa ƙazantattun abubuwa masu shiga cikin tsarin lubrication kuma suna tasiri tasirin lubrication. Canjin mai akai-akai shima ya zama dole don tabbatar da ingantaccen aikin mai.
Hanyar lubrication mai-iska
Hanyar lubrication mai-iska shine akasin lubrication na wurare dabam dabam na mai. Yana buƙatar kawai cika kashi 10% na ƙarfin sararin samaniya. Lubrication na iskar mai shine a haɗa ɗan ƙaramin mai mai mai da iskar gas a wani matsa lamba don samar da cakuda mai kamar hazo a fesa shi zuwa sashin da ke ɗauke da shi don shafawa.
Wannan hanyar lubrication yana da fa'idodin ƙarancin amfani da mai, sakamako mai kyau na lubrication, kuma babu gurɓataccen yanayi. Duk da haka, ya kamata a lura cewa abubuwan da ake buƙata na kulawa da tsarin man fetur na iska suna da girma. Wajibi ne don tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali na iskar gas da man fetur mai lubricating da bututun da ba a rufe ba.
Don lubrication na sandar, akwai kuma hanyoyi guda biyu: Hanyar lubrication na hazo mai da hanyar lubrication na allura.
Hanyar lubrication na hazo mai yana jujjuya man mai zuwa ƴan ƴan ɓangarorin da kuma jigilar shi zuwa sashin dunƙulewa ta iska don shafawa. Wannan hanyar tana da lubrication iri ɗaya kuma tana iya samar da sakamako mai kyau a ƙarƙashin jujjuyawar sauri. Koyaya, hazo mai na iya haifar da wasu gurɓata muhalli, kuma ana buƙatar ɗaukar matakan kariya daidai.
Hanyar lubrication na allura tana fesa mai kai tsaye zuwa sashin da ke ɗauke da shi ta hanyar bututun ƙarfe, wanda ke da fa'idodin niyya mai ƙarfi da sakamako mai kyau. Koyaya, matsayi da kusurwar fesa na bututun ƙarfe suna buƙatar daidaitawa daidai don tabbatar da mafi kyawun tasirin sa mai.
A takaice, kula da sandar cibiyar injin yana buƙatar yin la'akari sosai da abubuwa daban-daban, waɗanda suka haɗa da zaɓin hanyar lubrication, sarrafa yawan mai, da kiyaye tsabta. Kawai ta hanyar yin aiki mai kyau a cikin kulawar yau da kullun za mu iya tabbatar da ingantaccen aiki na sandal, tsawaita rayuwar sabis, da haɓaka ingantaccen samarwa da sarrafa ingancin cibiyar injin.
A cikin ainihin amfani, ya kamata kuma a lura da waɗannan abubuwan:
A kai a kai bincika daidaici da fitar da sandar, kuma daidaita ko gyara cikin lokaci idan an sami matsaloli.
A guji igiyar igiyar da ke aiki ƙarƙashin nauyi ko tasiri mai sauri don hana lalacewa ga sandal.
Tsaftace muhallin wurin aiki na cibiyar injin don hana ƙura da ƙazanta shiga cikin igiya.
Yi aiki bisa ga hanyoyin aiki na kayan aiki don guje wa lalacewa ga igiya ta hanyar rashin aiki.
Don mashin kayan aikin injin mai tsada, lokacin da aka sami gazawa ko lalacewa, ana iya la'akari da gyara da amfani. Akwai galibin hanyoyi masu zuwa don gyarawa:
Sauya ɓangarorin da suka lalace kamar bearings da hatimi.
Gyara sassa da aka sawa, kamar yin amfani da abin rufe fuska na Laser, platin goga na lantarki da sauran fasahohi.
Yi daidaitaccen daidaitawa da daidaitawa don dawo da daidaito da aikin sandar.
Lokacin gyaran sandal, tabbatar da zaɓin ƙwararrun hukumar kulawa ko masana'anta don tabbatar da ingancin gyaran. Har ila yau, ya kamata a gwada igiyoyin da aka gyara sosai tare da yin gwaji don tabbatar da cewa aikin sa ya dace da bukatun kafin a fara amfani da shi.
Don taƙaitawa, tsarin masana'anta na spindle cibiyar mashin ɗin yana da kyau kuma mai rikitarwa, kuma aikin kulawa da gyara shima yana da mahimmanci. Sai kawai ta hanyar ƙware madaidaicin masana'anta, kulawa, da hanyoyin gyarawa za mu iya ba da cikakkiyar wasa don aiwatar da spindle na mashin ɗin kuma ba da tallafi mai ƙarfi don haɓaka masana'anta na zamani.
Don tabbatar da aiki da rayuwar sabis na sandar cibiyar injin, ingantaccen kulawa yana da matukar mahimmanci. Daga cikin su, rage zafin aiki na kayan aiki shine muhimmiyar hanyar haɗin gwiwa don kulawa, kuma hanyar da aka saba amfani da ita ita ce lubricating mai. Akwai galibi hanyoyin lubrication guda biyu: Hanyar lubrication mai-iska da lubrication na mai.
Lubrication na wurare dabam dabam na mai
Lokacin amfani da lubrication na mai, ya zama dole don tabbatar da cewa yawan mai a cikin tankin mai zafin jiki na yau da kullun ya isa. Lubrication na mai zagayawa na iya rage juzu'i da samar da zafi lokacin saduwa da buƙatun man shafawa, kuma yana iya ɗaukar ɓangaren zafi na sassan sandar. Ta hanyar ci gaba da zagayawa mai, ana ɗaukar zafi don kiyaye igiya tana aiki a cikin kewayon zafin da ya dace.
Wannan hanyar lubrication tana buƙatar duba yawan man da ke cikin tankin mai don tabbatar da isasshen man. A lokaci guda kuma, kula da tsabtar man fetur don guje wa ƙazantattun abubuwa masu shiga cikin tsarin lubrication kuma suna tasiri tasirin lubrication. Canjin mai akai-akai shima ya zama dole don tabbatar da ingantaccen aikin mai.
Hanyar lubrication mai-iska
Hanyar lubrication mai-iska shine akasin lubrication na wurare dabam dabam na mai. Yana buƙatar kawai cika kashi 10% na ƙarfin sararin samaniya. Lubrication na iskar mai shine a haɗa ɗan ƙaramin mai mai mai da iskar gas a wani matsa lamba don samar da cakuda mai kamar hazo a fesa shi zuwa sashin da ke ɗauke da shi don shafawa.
Wannan hanyar lubrication yana da fa'idodin ƙarancin amfani da mai, sakamako mai kyau na lubrication, kuma babu gurɓataccen yanayi. Duk da haka, ya kamata a lura cewa abubuwan da ake buƙata na kulawa da tsarin man fetur na iska suna da girma. Wajibi ne don tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali na iskar gas da man fetur mai lubricating da bututun da ba a rufe ba.
Don lubrication na sandar, akwai kuma hanyoyi guda biyu: Hanyar lubrication na hazo mai da hanyar lubrication na allura.
Hanyar lubrication na hazo mai yana jujjuya man mai zuwa ƴan ƴan ɓangarorin da kuma jigilar shi zuwa sashin dunƙulewa ta iska don shafawa. Wannan hanyar tana da lubrication iri ɗaya kuma tana iya samar da sakamako mai kyau a ƙarƙashin jujjuyawar sauri. Koyaya, hazo mai na iya haifar da wasu gurɓata muhalli, kuma ana buƙatar ɗaukar matakan kariya daidai.
Hanyar lubrication na allura tana fesa mai kai tsaye zuwa sashin da ke ɗauke da shi ta hanyar bututun ƙarfe, wanda ke da fa'idodin niyya mai ƙarfi da sakamako mai kyau. Koyaya, matsayi da kusurwar fesa na bututun ƙarfe suna buƙatar daidaitawa daidai don tabbatar da mafi kyawun tasirin sa mai.
A takaice, kula da sandar cibiyar injin yana buƙatar yin la'akari sosai da abubuwa daban-daban, waɗanda suka haɗa da zaɓin hanyar lubrication, sarrafa yawan mai, da kiyaye tsabta. Kawai ta hanyar yin aiki mai kyau a cikin kulawar yau da kullun za mu iya tabbatar da ingantaccen aiki na sandal, tsawaita rayuwar sabis, da haɓaka ingantaccen samarwa da sarrafa ingancin cibiyar injin.
A cikin ainihin amfani, ya kamata kuma a lura da waɗannan abubuwan:
A kai a kai bincika daidaici da fitar da sandar, kuma daidaita ko gyara cikin lokaci idan an sami matsaloli.
A guji igiyar igiyar da ke aiki ƙarƙashin nauyi ko tasiri mai sauri don hana lalacewa ga sandal.
Tsaftace muhallin wurin aiki na cibiyar injin don hana ƙura da ƙazanta shiga cikin igiya.
Yi aiki bisa ga hanyoyin aiki na kayan aiki don guje wa lalacewa ga igiya ta hanyar rashin aiki.
Don mashin kayan aikin injin mai tsada, lokacin da aka sami gazawa ko lalacewa, ana iya la'akari da gyara da amfani. Akwai galibin hanyoyi masu zuwa don gyarawa:
Sauya ɓangarorin da suka lalace kamar bearings da hatimi.
Gyara sassa da aka sawa, kamar yin amfani da abin rufe fuska na Laser, platin goga na lantarki da sauran fasahohi.
Yi daidaitaccen daidaitawa da daidaitawa don dawo da daidaito da aikin sandar.
Lokacin gyaran sandal, tabbatar da zaɓin ƙwararrun hukumar kulawa ko masana'anta don tabbatar da ingancin gyaran. Har ila yau, ya kamata a gwada igiyoyin da aka gyara sosai tare da yin gwaji don tabbatar da cewa aikin sa ya dace da bukatun kafin a fara amfani da shi.
Don taƙaitawa, tsarin masana'anta na spindle cibiyar mashin ɗin yana da kyau kuma mai rikitarwa, kuma aikin kulawa da gyara shima yana da mahimmanci. Sai kawai ta hanyar ƙware madaidaicin masana'anta, kulawa, da hanyoyin gyarawa za mu iya ba da cikakkiyar wasa don aiwatar da spindle na mashin ɗin kuma ba da tallafi mai ƙarfi don haɓaka masana'anta na zamani.