Abubuwan Bukatu da Haɓaka Abubuwan Spindle na Injin Milling na CNC.
I. Gabatarwa
A matsayin kayan aiki mai mahimmanci a cikin masana'antar masana'antu na zamani, aikin injinan milling na CNC yana shafar ingancin sarrafawa da ingancin samarwa. A matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan injunan niƙa na CNC, ɓangaren spindle yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a gabaɗayan aikin injin. Bangaren dunƙule ya ƙunshi sandal, goyon bayan sandal, sassa masu jujjuya da aka sanya akan sandar, da abubuwan rufewa. A lokacin sarrafa kayan aikin injin, sandal ɗin yana fitar da kayan aikin ko kayan aikin yanke don shiga kai tsaye a cikin motsi na sama. Sabili da haka, fahimtar abubuwan da ake buƙata na ɓangaren sanda na injin niƙa CNC da gudanar da ingantaccen ƙira yana da mahimmanci don haɓaka aiki da sarrafa ingancin injin.
A matsayin kayan aiki mai mahimmanci a cikin masana'antar masana'antu na zamani, aikin injinan milling na CNC yana shafar ingancin sarrafawa da ingancin samarwa. A matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan injunan niƙa na CNC, ɓangaren spindle yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a gabaɗayan aikin injin. Bangaren dunƙule ya ƙunshi sandal, goyon bayan sandal, sassa masu jujjuya da aka sanya akan sandar, da abubuwan rufewa. A lokacin sarrafa kayan aikin injin, sandal ɗin yana fitar da kayan aikin ko kayan aikin yanke don shiga kai tsaye a cikin motsi na sama. Sabili da haka, fahimtar abubuwan da ake buƙata na ɓangaren sanda na injin niƙa CNC da gudanar da ingantaccen ƙira yana da mahimmanci don haɓaka aiki da sarrafa ingancin injin.
II. Abubuwan bukatu don Abubuwan Spindle na Injinan Niƙa na CNC
- Babban daidaiton jujjuyawa
Lokacin da mashin ɗin injin niƙa na CNC yana yin motsi na juyawa, yanayin ma'ana tare da sifili mai saurin layi ana kiran shi tsakiyar layi na spindle. A karkashin yanayi mai kyau, matsayi na sararin samaniya ya kamata a gyara shi kuma ba a canza shi ba, wanda ake kira madaidaicin madaidaicin tsakiya. Duk da haka, saboda tasirin abubuwa daban-daban a cikin ɓangaren spindle, matsayi na sararin samaniya na tsakiyar layi yana canzawa kowane lokaci. Ainihin matsayi na sararin samaniya na tsakiyar layi na juyawa a nan take ana kiransa matsayi na gaggawa na layin tsakiya. Nisa dangane da kyakkyawan layin tsakiya shine kuskuren juyawa na sandal. Kewayon kuskuren juyawa shine daidaiton jujjuyawa na sandal.
Kuskuren Radial, Kuskuren kusurwa, da kuskuren axial da wuya su wanzu su kaɗai. Lokacin da kuskuren radial da kuskuren kusurwa ya kasance a lokaci ɗaya, sun zama runout radial; lokacin da kuskuren axial da kuskuren angular sun kasance a lokaci ɗaya, sun zama ƙarshen fuska runout. Babban madaidaicin aiki yana buƙatar igiya don samun daidaiton juzu'i mai girman gaske don tabbatar da ingancin sarrafa kayan aikin. - Babban tauri
Ƙunƙarar ɓangaren sandal ɗin injin niƙa na CNC yana nufin iya jurewa nakasawa lokacin da aka yi masa ƙarfi. Mafi girman taurin sashin sandal ɗin, ƙarami na nakasar sandar bayan an yi masa ƙarfi. Karkashin aikin yankan karfi da sauran runduna, sandar za ta haifar da nakasu na roba. Idan taurin ɓangaren sandal ɗin bai isa ba, zai haifar da raguwar daidaiton sarrafawa, lalata yanayin aiki na yau da kullun na bearings, haɓaka lalacewa, da rage daidaito.
Ƙunƙarar igiyar igiya tana da alaƙa da girman tsarin ƙwanƙwasa, tsayin goyan baya, nau'i da tsari na ɗigon da aka zaɓa, daidaitawar ƙyalli, da matsayi na abubuwa masu juyawa akan sandar. Madaidaicin ƙira na tsarin dunƙulewa, zaɓin ɗawainiya masu dacewa da hanyoyin daidaitawa, da daidaitawa daidai gwargwado na iya haɓaka ƙaƙƙarfan ɓangaren sandal. - Ƙarfin juriya mai ƙarfi
Juriyar rawar jiki na ɓangaren sandar injin niƙa na CNC yana nufin ƙarfin igiya don tsayawa tsayin daka kuma baya girgiza yayin yanke aiki. Idan juriya na rawar jiki na ɓangaren spindle ba shi da kyau, yana da sauƙi don samar da girgiza yayin aiki, yana shafar ingancin sarrafawa har ma da lalata kayan aikin yankan da kayan aikin inji.
Don inganta juriyar rawar jiki na ɓangaren spindle, ana yawan amfani da bearings na gaba tare da babban rabo mai damping. Idan ya cancanta, ya kamata a shigar da masu ɗaukar girgiza don sanya yanayin juzu'i na ɓangaren spindle ya fi yawan ƙarfin motsa jiki. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya haɓaka juriya na jijjiga na sandar ta hanyar inganta tsarin spindle da inganta aiki da daidaiton haɗuwa. - Ƙarancin zafin jiki
Yawan zafin jiki da ya wuce kima yayin aikin sashin sandar injin niƙa na CNC na iya haifar da mummunan sakamako. Na farko, sashin spindle da akwatin za su lalace saboda haɓakar thermal, wanda ke haifar da canje-canje a cikin matsayi na dangi na tsakiyar layi na spindle da sauran abubuwa na kayan aikin injin, kai tsaye yana shafar daidaiton sarrafawa. Na biyu, abubuwa irin su bearings za su canza gyaran gyare-gyare saboda zafin jiki mai yawa, lalata yanayin lubrication na al'ada, yana shafar aikin yau da kullum na bearings, kuma a cikin lokuta masu tsanani, har ma suna haifar da abin da ya faru na "ƙaramar kamawa".
Don magance matsalar tashin zafin jiki, injinan CNC gabaɗaya suna amfani da akwatin sandal ɗin zafin jiki akai-akai. Ana sanyaya sandal ta hanyar tsarin sanyaya don kiyaye zafin sandar a cikin wani kewayon kewayo. A lokaci guda, zaɓin da ya dace na nau'ikan ɗaukar nauyi, hanyoyin lubrication, da sifofin watsar da zafi suma na iya rage haɓakar yanayin zafi na sandar. - Kyakkyawan juriya na lalacewa
Abubuwan da ake buƙata na injin niƙa CNC dole ne ya sami isasshen juriya don kiyaye daidaito na dogon lokaci. Abubuwan da ake sawa cikin sauƙi a kan sandal ɗin su ne sassan shigarwa na kayan aikin yanke ko kayan aiki da saman aiki na sandar lokacin da yake motsawa. Don inganta juriya na lalacewa, sassan da ke sama na sandar ya kamata a taurare, irin su quenching, carburizing, da dai sauransu, don ƙara taurin da juriya.
Har ila yau, igiyoyin igiya suna buƙatar mai mai kyau don rage juriya da lalacewa da inganta juriya. Zaɓin man shafawa masu dacewa da hanyoyin lubrication da kiyaye sandar a kai a kai na iya tsawaita rayuwar sabis na ɓangaren sandar.
III. Ƙirƙirar Ƙirƙirar Ƙaƙwalwar Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarfafawa na CNC Milling Machines
- Ingantaccen tsari
Haƙiƙa ƙirƙira sifar tsari da girman mashin ɗin don rage yawan taro da lokacin inertia na sandal ɗin da kuma haɓaka ƙarfin aiki na sandar. Misali, za a iya amfani da tsarin dunƙule maras tushe don rage nauyin igiya yayin inganta ƙugiya da juriya na igiya.
Haɓaka tazarar goyan baya da ƙayyadaddun tsari na sandal. Dangane da buƙatun sarrafawa da halayen tsarin kayan aikin injin, zaɓi nau'ikan ɗawainiya da yawa da suka dace don haɓaka taurin kai da jujjuya daidaiton sandar.
Ɗauki matakai na masana'antu na ci gaba da kayan don haɓaka daidaiton sarrafawa da ingancin saman sandar, rage juriya da lalacewa, da haɓaka juriya da rayuwar sabis na sandar. - Zaɓin zaɓi da haɓakawa
Zaɓi nau'ikan ɗawainiya masu dacewa da ƙayyadaddun bayanai. Dangane da dalilai kamar saurin sandal, kaya, da madaidaicin buƙatun, zaɓi bearings tare da tauri mai girma, babban madaidaici, da babban aikin gudu. Misali, madaidaicin ball bearings, cylindrical roller bearings, tapered bearings, da dai sauransu.
Haɓaka saƙon da aka ɗauka da daidaitawar sharewa na bearings. Ta hanyar daidaita madaidaicin saƙon da aka yi amfani da shi da share fage, ƙila za a iya inganta taurin kai da jujjuya daidaito na sandar, yayin da za a iya rage hawan zafin jiki da girgizar bearings.
Ɗauki kayan shafa mai da fasahar sanyaya. Zaɓi hanyoyin da suka dace da man shafawa, kamar lubrication na hazo mai, lubrication mai-iska, da lubrication, don inganta tasirin mai na bearings, rage gogayya da lalacewa. A lokaci guda, yi amfani da tsarin sanyaya don kwantar da ramuka da kuma kiyaye zafin jiki a cikin kewayon da ya dace. - Tsarin juriya na rawar jiki
Ɗauki sifofi da abubuwa masu ɗaukar girgiza, kamar shigar da masu ɗaukar girgiza da amfani da kayan damping, don rage martanin girgizar sandar.
Haɓaka ƙirar ma'auni mai ƙarfi na sandal. Ta hanyar daidaitaccen gyaran ma'auni mai ƙarfi, rage rashin daidaiton adadin sandar kuma rage girgiza da hayaniya.
Haɓaka daidaiton aiki da haɗuwa na sandar don rage girgizar da ke haifar da kurakuran masana'anta da haɗuwa mara kyau. - Kula da haɓakar zafin jiki
Zana madaidaicin tsarin watsar da zafi, kamar ƙara magudanar zafi da yin amfani da tashoshi masu sanyaya, don haɓaka ƙarfin watsa zafi na sandal da rage hawan zafi.
Haɓaka hanyar lubrication da zaɓin mai mai na sandal don rage haɓakar zafi da rage tashin zafi.
Ɗauki tsarin kulawa da yanayin zafin jiki don saka idanu akan canjin zafi na sandal a ainihin lokacin. Lokacin da zafin jiki ya wuce ƙimar da aka saita, tsarin sanyaya yana farawa ta atomatik ko ɗaukar wasu matakan sanyaya. - Ci gaba juriya
Yi jiyya na saman akan sassauƙan sawa na sandar, kamar quenching, carburizing, nitriding, da sauransu, don haɓaka taurin saman da kuma sa juriya.
Zaɓi kayan aikin yankan da suka dace da hanyoyin shigarwa na workpiece don rage lalacewa akan igiya.
A riƙa kula da igiya a kai a kai kuma a maye gurbin sawa a cikin lokaci don kiyaye igiya cikin kyakkyawan yanayi.
IV. Kammalawa
Ayyukan ɓangaren sanda na injin niƙa na CNC yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da ingancin sarrafawa da ingancin kayan aikin injin. Don saduwa da buƙatun masana'antun masana'antu na zamani don ingantaccen aiki da ingantaccen aiki, yana da mahimmanci a sami zurfin fahimtar abubuwan buƙatun ɓangaren injunan injin CNC da aiwatar da ingantaccen ƙira. Ta hanyar matakan kamar haɓaka tsari, zaɓin ɗaukar hoto da haɓakawa, ƙirar juriya mai ƙarfi, sarrafa zafin zafin jiki, da haɓaka juriya, daidaiton juriya, ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarfi, juriyar rawar jiki, aikin haɓakar zafin jiki, da juriya na ɓangaren sandar za'a iya inganta, ta haka inganta aikin gabaɗaya da ingancin sarrafa injin milling na CNC. A cikin aikace-aikacen aikace-aikacen, dangane da takamaiman buƙatun sarrafawa da halayen kayan aikin injin, yakamata a yi la'akari da abubuwa daban-daban kuma yakamata a zaɓi tsarin ingantawa da ya dace don cimma mafi kyawun aikin sashin injunan injin CNC.
Ayyukan ɓangaren sanda na injin niƙa na CNC yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da ingancin sarrafawa da ingancin kayan aikin injin. Don saduwa da buƙatun masana'antun masana'antu na zamani don ingantaccen aiki da ingantaccen aiki, yana da mahimmanci a sami zurfin fahimtar abubuwan buƙatun ɓangaren injunan injin CNC da aiwatar da ingantaccen ƙira. Ta hanyar matakan kamar haɓaka tsari, zaɓin ɗaukar hoto da haɓakawa, ƙirar juriya mai ƙarfi, sarrafa zafin zafin jiki, da haɓaka juriya, daidaiton juriya, ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarfi, juriyar rawar jiki, aikin haɓakar zafin jiki, da juriya na ɓangaren sandar za'a iya inganta, ta haka inganta aikin gabaɗaya da ingancin sarrafa injin milling na CNC. A cikin aikace-aikacen aikace-aikacen, dangane da takamaiman buƙatun sarrafawa da halayen kayan aikin injin, yakamata a yi la'akari da abubuwa daban-daban kuma yakamata a zaɓi tsarin ingantawa da ya dace don cimma mafi kyawun aikin sashin injunan injin CNC.