Ci gaba da sauri na fasahar tsarin CNC ya samar da yanayi don ci gaban fasaha na kayan aikin injin CNC. Don saduwa da bukatun kasuwa da saduwa da mafi girman buƙatun fasahar masana'antu na zamani don fasahar CNC, ci gaban fasahar CNC na duniya da kayan aikinta na yanzu yana nunawa a cikin halaye na fasaha masu zuwa:
1. Babban gudun
Ci gabanKayan aikin injin CNCzuwa high-gudun shugabanci ba zai iya kawai muhimmanci inganta machining yadda ya dace da kuma rage machining halin kaka, amma kuma inganta surface machining inganci da daidaito na sassa. Fasahar injuna mai saurin gaske tana da fa'ida mai fa'ida don samun samarwa mai rahusa a masana'antar masana'antu.
Tun daga shekarun 1990s, ƙasashe a Turai, Amurka, da Japan suna fafatawa don haɓakawa da amfani da sabon ƙarni na kayan aikin injin CNC masu sauri, suna haɓaka saurin haɓaka kayan aikin injin. An sami sababbin ci gaba a cikin sashin layi mai saurin sauri (lantarki na lantarki, saurin 15000-100000 r / min), babban saurin sauri da haɓakawa / raguwar abubuwan motsi na motsi (sauri mai sauri 60-120m / min, yankan saurin ciyarwa har zuwa 60m / min), tsarin tsarin kayan aiki mai girma, CNC da sabbin kayan aiki, da kuma isa ga sabbin kayan aiki na CNC. Tare da ƙuduri na key fasahar a cikin jerin fasaha filayen kamar matsananci high gudun yankan inji, matsananci wuya lalacewa-resistant dogon rai kayan aiki kayan aiki da abrasive nika kayan aikin, high-ikon high-gudun lantarki spindle, high hanzari / deceleration mikakke mota kore abinci aka gyara, high-yi iko tsarin (ciki har da monitoring tsarin) da kuma m na'urorin, da fasaha ci gaban da aikace-aikace na'urorin da aka samar da sabon fasahar ci gaban NC kayan aikin.
A halin yanzu, a cikin ultra high-gudun machining, yankan saurin juyawa da niƙa ya kai 5000-8000m / min; Gudun spindle yana sama da 30000 rpm (wasu na iya kaiwa har zuwa 100000 r/min); Gudun motsi (yawan ciyarwa) na ɗakin aiki: sama da 100m / min (wasu har zuwa 200m / min) a ƙuduri na 1 micrometer, kuma sama da 24m / min a ƙuduri na 0.1 micrometer; Saurin canza kayan aiki ta atomatik a cikin sakan 1; Matsakaicin ciyarwar don ƙaramin layin layi ya kai 12m/min.
2. Babban daidaito
Ci gabanKayan aikin injin CNCdaga ingantattun mashina zuwa mashin ingantattun mashin ɗin alkibla ce da manyan masana'antu a duniya suka himmatu. Daidaiton sa ya tashi daga matakin micrometer zuwa matakin submicron, har ma zuwa matakin nanometer (<10nm), kuma kewayon aikace-aikacensa yana ƙara yaɗuwa.
A halin yanzu, a ƙarƙashin buƙatun ƙirar ƙira mai mahimmanci, daidaiton mashin ɗin kayan aikin injin CNC na yau da kullun ya karu daga ± 10 μ Ƙara m zuwa ± 5 μ M; Daidaiton mashin ɗin na daidaitattun cibiyoyin injina ya tashi daga ± 3 zuwa 5 μm. Ƙara zuwa ± 1-1.5 μm. Har ma mafi girma; Madaidaicin madaidaicin mashin ɗin ya shiga matakin nanometer (0.001 micrometers), kuma ana buƙatar daidaiton jujjuyawar igiya don isa 0.01 ~ 0.05 micrometers, tare da mashin ɗin mashin ɗin 0.1 micrometers da machining surface roughness na Ra=0.003 micrometers. Waɗannan kayan aikin injin gabaɗaya suna amfani da madaidaicin mitar mitar lantarki mai sarrafa motsi (haɗe tare da injin da sandal), tare da radial runout na sandar ƙasa da 2 µ m, ƙaurawar axial ƙasa da 1 µ m, da rashin daidaituwar shaft ya kai matakin G0.4.
Tushen ciyarwa na kayan aikin injin mai sauri da madaidaici ya ƙunshi nau'ikan nau'ikan biyu: "Motar servo motor tare da madaidaicin ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙafa" da "motar madaidaiciya madaidaiciya". Bugu da kari, kunno kai kayan aikin injuna kuma suna da sauƙin cimma abinci mai sauri.
Saboda balagagge fasahar da fadi da aikace-aikace, ball sukurori ba kawai cimma high daidaici (ISO3408 matakin 1), amma kuma da in mun gwada da low cost na cimma high-gudun machining. Don haka, ana amfani da su da yawa daga injunan injuna masu sauri har zuwa yau. Na'ura mai sauri mai sauri na kayan aikin injin da ke motsa ƙwallon ƙwallon yana da matsakaicin saurin motsi na 90m/min da haɓakar 1.5g.
Screw na ƙwallo yana cikin watsa injina, wanda babu makawa ya haɗa da nakasu na roba, juzu'i, da juzu'i yayin aikin watsawa, wanda ke haifar da juzu'in motsi da wasu kurakurai marasa kan layi. Don kawar da tasirin waɗannan kurakurai a kan daidaiton mashin ɗin, an yi amfani da motar linzamin linzamin kai tsaye ga kayan aikin injin a cikin 1993. Kamar yadda yake "watsawa sifili" ba tare da tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsaki ba, ba wai kawai yana da ƙananan motsin motsi ba, babban tsarin tsauri, da amsa mai sauri, Zai iya cimma babban sauri da hanzari, kuma tsayinsa na bugun jini ba shi da ka'ida. Daidaitaccen matsayi kuma zai iya kaiwa matsayi mai girma a ƙarƙashin aikin tsarin mayar da hankali na matsayi mai mahimmanci, yana mai da shi hanya mai kyau na tuki don kayan aikin inji mai sauri da madaidaici, musamman matsakaici da manyan kayan aikin inji. A halin yanzu, matsakaicin matsakaicin saurin motsi mai sauri da injunan mashin ɗin daidaitattun na'urori masu amfani da injin linzamin kwamfuta sun kai 208 m / min, tare da haɓakar 2g, kuma har yanzu akwai damar ci gaba.
3. Babban dogaro
Tare da haɓaka aikace-aikacen sadarwar yanar gizo naKayan aikin injin CNC, Babban amincin kayan aikin na'ura na CNC ya zama burin da masana'antun tsarin CNC da masu samar da kayan aikin CNC ke bi. Don masana'anta maras nauyi wanda ke aiki sau biyu a rana, idan ana buƙatar yin aiki akai-akai kuma a cikin sa'o'i 16 tare da ƙimar kyauta na P (t) = 99% ko sama da haka, matsakaicin lokacin tsakanin gazawar (MTBF) na kayan injin CNC dole ne ya fi sa'o'i 3000. Don kayan aikin injin CNC guda ɗaya kawai, ƙimar ƙimar gazawar tsakanin mai watsa shiri da tsarin CNC shine 10: 1 (amincin CNC shine tsari ɗaya na girma sama da na mai watsa shiri). A wannan gaba, MTBF na tsarin CNC dole ne ya zama mafi girma fiye da sa'o'i 33333.3, kuma MTBF na na'urar CNC, sandal, da tuƙi dole ne ya fi 100000 hours.
Darajar MTBF na na'urorin CNC na kasashen waje na yanzu sun kai sama da sa'o'i 6000, kuma na'urar tuki ta kai sama da sa'o'i 30000. Duk da haka, ana iya ganin cewa har yanzu akwai gibi daga manufa mai kyau.
4. Hadawa
A cikin aiwatar da sassa na sassa, babban adadin mara amfani lokaci ana cinyewa a workpiece handling, loading da saukewa, shigarwa da daidaitawa, kayan aiki canji, da kuma sandal gudu sama da ƙasa. Domin rage girman waɗannan lokutan marasa amfani gwargwadon yiwuwa, mutane suna fatan haɗa ayyukan sarrafawa daban-daban akan kayan aikin injin guda ɗaya. Sabili da haka, kayan aikin injin aiki na fili sun zama ƙirar haɓaka cikin sauri a cikin 'yan shekarun nan.
Manufar inji kayan aiki hada machining a fagen m masana'antu yana nufin ikon na'urar kayan aiki ta atomatik yi Multi tsari machining na iri daya ko daban-daban na tsari hanyoyin bisa ga wani CNC machining shirin bayan clamping da workpiece a daya tafi, domin ya kammala daban-daban machining tafiyar matakai kamar juya, milling, hakowa, m, nika, tapping, reaming wani hadaddun, da kuma fadada siffar. Dangane da sassa na prismatic, cibiyoyi na injina sune mafi yawan kayan aikin injin da ke aiwatar da sarrafa nau'ikan tsari iri ɗaya ta amfani da hanyar tsari iri ɗaya. An tabbatar da cewa kayan aikin na'ura mai haɗaɗɗun mashin ɗin na iya haɓaka daidaiton injina da inganci, adana sarari, musamman gajarta zagayowar mashin ɗin sassa.
5. Polyaxialization
Tare da haɓakar tsarin haɗin gwiwar 5-axis CNC da software na shirye-shirye, cibiyoyin haɗin gwiwar 5-axis sarrafawa da injin milling na CNC (cibiyoyin mashin ɗin tsaye) sun zama wurin ci gaba na yanzu. Saboda da sauki na 5-axis linkage iko a CNC shirye-shirye ga ball karshen milling cutters a lokacin da machining free saman, da kuma ikon kula da m yankan gudun ga ball karshen milling cutters a lokacin milling aiwatar da 3D saman, A sakamakon haka, da roughness na machining surface ne muhimmanci inganta da machining yadda ya dace da aka ƙwarai inganta. Koyaya, a cikin kayan aikin injin haɗin gwiwar 3-axis, ba shi yiwuwa a guje wa ƙarshen abin yankan ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙafa tare da saurin yankewa kusa da sifili daga shiga cikin yankan. Sabili da haka, kayan aikin haɗin gwiwar 5-axis sun zama mayar da hankali ga haɓaka aiki da gasa tsakanin manyan masana'antun kayan aikin injin saboda fa'idodin aikin da ba za a iya maye gurbinsu ba.
Kwanan nan, kasashen waje suna ci gaba da yin bincike kan sarrafa hanyar haɗin kai na 6-axis ta amfani da kayan aikin yankan da ba na juyawa ba a cibiyoyin injina. Kodayake siffar injin su ba a iyakance ba kuma zurfin yankan na iya zama sirara sosai, ingancin injin ɗin ya yi ƙasa sosai kuma yana da wahala a iya amfani da shi.
6. Hankali
Hankali shine babban alkibla don haɓaka fasahar kere-kere a ƙarni na 21st. Ƙirƙirar mashin ɗin wani nau'i ne na mashin ɗin da ya danganci sarrafa hanyar sadarwa ta jijiyoyi, sarrafawa mai ban mamaki, fasahar cibiyar sadarwar dijital, da ka'idar. Yana da nufin kwaikwayi ayyukan ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ɗan adam yayin aikin injina, don magance yawancin matsalolin da ba su da tabbas waɗanda ke buƙatar sa hannun hannu. Abubuwan da ke cikin hankali sun haɗa da bangarori daban-daban a cikin tsarin CNC:
Don biyan ingantaccen aiki da inganci mai hankali, kamar sarrafa daidaitawa da sigogin tsari na atomatik;
Don haɓaka aikin tuƙi da sauƙaƙe haɗin kai mai hankali, kamar sarrafa ciyarwa, lissafin daidaitawa na sigogin mota, ganowa ta atomatik na lodi, zaɓi na atomatik na ƙira, daidaita kai, da sauransu;
Sauƙaƙe shirye-shirye da aiki na hankali, kamar shirye-shirye na atomatik na kaifin baki, ƙirar mutum-mashin fasaha, da sauransu;
Sanin ganewar hankali da saka idanu yana sauƙaƙe tsarin ganowa da kiyayewa.
Akwai da yawa na fasaha yankan da machining tsarin karkashin bincike a cikin duniya, daga cikinsu Japan Intelligent CNC Na'ura Research Association's fasaha machining mafita ga hakowa wakilci.
7. Sadarwar Sadarwa
Gudanar da hanyar sadarwa na kayan aikin injin galibi yana nufin haɗin yanar gizo da sarrafa cibiyar sadarwa tsakanin kayan aikin injin da sauran tsarin sarrafawa na waje ko kwamfutoci na sama ta hanyar tsarin CNC sanye take. Kayan aikin injin CNC gabaɗaya suna fuskantar wurin samarwa da LAN na cikin gida na kamfani, sannan su haɗa zuwa wajen kasuwancin ta hanyar Intanet, wanda ake kira fasahar Intanet/Intranet.
Tare da balaga da haɓaka fasahar cibiyar sadarwa, masana'antar kwanan nan ta ba da shawarar ra'ayin masana'antar dijital. Masana'antu na dijital, wanda kuma aka sani da "e-kira", ɗaya daga cikin alamomin zamani a cikin masana'antar kera injiniyoyi da daidaitaccen hanyar samar da kayan aikin injinan ci gaba na ƙasa da ƙasa a yau. Tare da yaduwar fasahar bayanai, masu amfani da gida da yawa suna buƙatar sabis na sadarwa mai nisa da sauran ayyuka yayin shigo da kayan aikin injin CNC. Dangane da yaduwar CAD / CAM, masana'antun masana'antu suna ƙara yin amfani da kayan aikin injin CNC. Software na aikace-aikacen CNC yana ƙara arziƙi kuma mai sauƙin amfani. Ƙirƙirar ƙira, masana'anta da sauran fasahohi suna ƙara samun ci gaba ta hanyar injiniya da ma'aikatan fasaha. Maye gurbin hadadden kayan masarufi tare da basirar software yana zama muhimmin yanayin haɓaka kayan aikin injin na zamani. A ƙarƙashin burin masana'antar dijital, yawancin software na sarrafa masana'antu irin su ERP sun fito ta hanyar sabunta tsarin aiki da canjin fasahar bayanai, ƙirƙirar fa'idodin tattalin arziƙi ga kamfanoni.
8. Sassauci
The Trend na CNC inji kayan aikin zuwa m aiki da kai tsarin ne don ci gaba daga batu (CNC guda inji, machining cibiyar, da kuma CNC composite machining na'ura), line (FMC, FMS, FTL, FML) zuwa surface (m masana'antu tsibiri, FA), da jiki (CIMS, rarraba cibiyar sadarwa hadedde tsarin masana'antu), kuma a daya hannun, don mayar da hankali kan aikace-aikace da kuma tattalin arziki. Fasaha mai sassaucin ra'ayi ita ce babbar hanyar masana'antar masana'anta don dacewa da buƙatun kasuwa mai ƙarfi da haɓaka samfuran cikin sauri. Shi ne babban yanayin ci gaban masana'antu a cikin ƙasashe daban-daban da fasaha mai mahimmanci a fagen masana'antu na ci gaba. Abin da ya mayar da hankali shi ne don inganta ingantaccen aiki da kuma amfani da tsarin, tare da manufar sadarwar sauƙi da haɗin kai; Jaddada haɓakawa da haɓaka fasahar naúrar; CNC guda na'ura yana tasowa zuwa babban madaidaici, babban sauri, da kuma babban sassauci; CNC inji kayan aikin da m masana'antu tsarin za a iya sauƙi haɗi tare da CAD, CAM, CAPP, MTS, da kuma ci gaba zuwa ga bayanai hadewa; Haɓaka tsarin hanyar sadarwa zuwa buɗewa, haɗin kai, da hankali.
9. Greenization
Na'urar yankan karfe na karni na 21 dole ne su ba da fifikon kare muhalli da kiyaye makamashi, wato, don cimma ci gaban tsarin yankan. A halin yanzu, wannan fasahar sarrafa koren ta fi mayar da hankali ne kan rashin amfani da yankan ruwa, musamman saboda yanke ruwa ba wai kawai yana gurɓata muhalli da kuma yin illa ga lafiyar ma'aikata ba, har ma yana ƙara yawan albarkatu da kuzari. Ana yin bushewa gabaɗaya a cikin yanayi na yanayi, amma kuma ya haɗa da yanke a cikin yanayi na musamman na iskar gas (nitrogen, iska mai sanyi, ko amfani da busasshiyar fasahar sanyaya wutar lantarki) ba tare da amfani da yankan ruwa ba. Koyaya, don wasu hanyoyin mashin ɗin da haɗin gwiwar aiki, yanke bushewa ba tare da amfani da yankan ruwa a halin yanzu yana da wahala a yi amfani da shi ba a aikace, don haka yanke bushewa tare da ƙaramin lubrication (MQL) ya bayyana. A halin yanzu, 10-15% na manyan injina a Turai suna amfani da bushe bushe da yanke bushewa. Don kayan aikin injin kamar cibiyoyin mashin ɗin waɗanda aka ƙera don hanyoyin machining da yawa / haɗin haɗin aikin, ana amfani da yankan bushewa da yawa, yawanci ta hanyar fesa cakuda ɗan ƙaramin yankan mai da iska mai matsa lamba a cikin yankin yanke ta cikin tashar maras kyau a cikin sandar injin da kayan aiki. Daga cikin nau'ikan na'urorin yankan karfe iri-iri, na'urar hobing na kayan aiki ita ce wacce aka fi amfani da ita wajen yanke bushewa.
A takaice dai, ci gaba da haɓaka fasahar kayan aikin injin CNC sun ba da yanayi mai kyau don haɓaka masana'antar masana'antu na zamani, haɓaka haɓakar masana'antu zuwa alkiblar ɗan adam. Ana iya ganin cewa tare da haɓaka fasahar kayan aikin injin CNC da kuma yin amfani da kayan aikin na'ura mai mahimmanci na CNC, masana'antun masana'antu za su haifar da juyin juya hali mai zurfi wanda zai iya girgiza samfurin masana'antu na gargajiya.