Hanyoyi don Kawar da Oscillation na CNC Machine Tools》
Kayan aikin injin CNC suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samar da masana'antu na zamani. Koyaya, matsalar oscillation galibi tana addabar masu aiki da masana'anta. Dalilan yin oscillation na kayan aikin injin CNC suna da rikitarwa. Bugu da ƙari, abubuwa da yawa irin su raƙuman watsawa wanda ba za a iya cirewa ba, nakasar nakasa, da juriya na juriya a cikin yanayin injiniya, tasirin abubuwan da suka dace na tsarin servo shima muhimmin al'amari ne. Yanzu, masana'antar kayan aikin injin CNC za ta gabatar da dalla-dalla hanyoyin da za a kawar da motsin kayan aikin injin CNC.
I. Rage ribar madauki matsayi
Matsakaicin-daidaitaccen mai sarrafawa shine mai sarrafa ayyuka da yawa wanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin kayan aikin injin CNC. Ba wai kawai zai iya aiwatar da riba daidai ba akan sigina na yanzu da ƙarfin lantarki amma kuma yana daidaita matsala ko jagorar siginar fitarwa. Laifin girgizawa wani lokaci yana faruwa saboda raguwa ko jagorar fitarwa na halin yanzu da ƙarfin lantarki. A wannan lokacin, ana iya amfani da PID don daidaita yanayin fitarwa na halin yanzu da ƙarfin lantarki.
Samun madauki matsayi shine mahimmin ma'auni a cikin tsarin sarrafawa na kayan aikin CNC. Lokacin da ribar madauki matsayi ya yi yawa, tsarin yana da matukar damuwa ga kurakuran matsayi kuma yana da wuyar haifar da oscillation. Rage ribar madauki na matsayi na iya rage saurin amsawar tsarin kuma don haka rage yiwuwar oscillation.
Lokacin daidaita ribar madauki na matsayi, yana buƙatar saita shi bisa ga ƙayyadaddun ƙirar kayan aikin injin da buƙatun sarrafawa. Gabaɗaya magana, za a iya rage ribar madauki na matsayi zuwa ƙaramin matakin farko, sannan a hankali ya ƙaru yayin lura da aikin injin ɗin har sai an sami mafi kyawun ƙimar da za ta iya biyan daidaitattun buƙatun sarrafawa da guje wa oscillation.
Matsakaicin-daidaitaccen mai sarrafawa shine mai sarrafa ayyuka da yawa wanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin kayan aikin injin CNC. Ba wai kawai zai iya aiwatar da riba daidai ba akan sigina na yanzu da ƙarfin lantarki amma kuma yana daidaita matsala ko jagorar siginar fitarwa. Laifin girgizawa wani lokaci yana faruwa saboda raguwa ko jagorar fitarwa na halin yanzu da ƙarfin lantarki. A wannan lokacin, ana iya amfani da PID don daidaita yanayin fitarwa na halin yanzu da ƙarfin lantarki.
Samun madauki matsayi shine mahimmin ma'auni a cikin tsarin sarrafawa na kayan aikin CNC. Lokacin da ribar madauki matsayi ya yi yawa, tsarin yana da matukar damuwa ga kurakuran matsayi kuma yana da wuyar haifar da oscillation. Rage ribar madauki na matsayi na iya rage saurin amsawar tsarin kuma don haka rage yiwuwar oscillation.
Lokacin daidaita ribar madauki na matsayi, yana buƙatar saita shi bisa ga ƙayyadaddun ƙirar kayan aikin injin da buƙatun sarrafawa. Gabaɗaya magana, za a iya rage ribar madauki na matsayi zuwa ƙaramin matakin farko, sannan a hankali ya ƙaru yayin lura da aikin injin ɗin har sai an sami mafi kyawun ƙimar da za ta iya biyan daidaitattun buƙatun sarrafawa da guje wa oscillation.
II. Daidaita siga na tsarin rufaffiyar servo
Semi-rufe-madauki tsarin servo
Wasu tsarin CNC servo suna amfani da na'urori masu rufaffiyar madauki. Lokacin daidaita tsarin servo-rufe-rufe-madauki, ya zama dole don tabbatar da cewa tsarin gida-rufe-rufe ba ya girgiza. Tun da cikakken tsarin servo na madauki yana yin gyare-gyaren ma'auni a kan yanayin cewa tsarin sa na kusa-rufe-rufe ya tsaya tsayin daka, su biyun suna kama da hanyoyin daidaitawa.
Tsarin servo na kusa-rufe-rufe a kaikaice yana ciyar da bayanan matsayi na kayan aikin injin ta hanyar gano kusurwar juyawa ko saurin motar. Lokacin daidaita sigogi, ana buƙatar kulawa da waɗannan abubuwan:
(1) Matsakaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin: Saitunan ribar madauki na sauri da haɓaka lokaci mai mahimmanci suna da babban tasiri akan kwanciyar hankali da saurin amsawar tsarin. Matsakaicin madaidaicin madauki zai haifar da amsawar tsarin da sauri kuma yana da saurin haifar da oscillation; yayin da tsayin dakakken lokaci mai tsayi zai rage saurin amsawar tsarin kuma yana shafar ingantaccen aiki.
(2) Matsakaicin madauki na matsayi: Daidaita madaidaicin ribar madauki na matsayi da sigogin tacewa na iya inganta daidaiton matsayi da kwanciyar hankali na tsarin. Ribar madauki mai tsayi da yawa zai haifar da oscillation, kuma tacewa na iya tace amo mai girma a cikin siginar amsawa kuma inganta kwanciyar hankali na tsarin.
Tsarin servo mai cikakken rufewa
Cikakken tsarin servo na madauki yana gane daidaitaccen kulawar matsayi ta hanyar gano ainihin matsayi na kayan aikin injin. Lokacin daidaita tsarin servo mai cikakken-rufe-rufe, ana buƙatar zaɓin sigogi a hankali don tabbatar da daidaito da daidaiton tsarin.
Daidaita siga na cikakken tsarin madauki na servo ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu zuwa:
(1) Matsayin madauki riba: Daidai da tsarin tsarin madauki-rufe-rufe, riba mai girman matsayi mai girma zai haifar da oscillation. Duk da haka, tun da cikakken tsarin madauki yana gano kurakuran matsayi daidai, za a iya saita ribar madauki na matsayi mafi girma don inganta daidaiton matsayi na tsarin.
(2) Matsakaicin madauki na sauri: Saitunan ribar madauki na sauri da ƙimar lokaci mai mahimmanci yana buƙatar daidaitawa gwargwadon halaye masu ƙarfi da buƙatun sarrafa kayan aikin injin. Gabaɗaya magana, za a iya saita ribar madauki na sauri sama da na tsarin madauki na kusa don inganta saurin amsawar tsarin.
(3) Matsalolin tacewa: Cikakken tsarin madauki ya fi kula da hayaniya a cikin siginar amsawa, don haka ana buƙatar saita sigogi masu dacewa don tace amo. Ya kamata a daidaita nau'in da zaɓin sigina na tacewa bisa ga takamaiman yanayin aikace-aikacen.
Semi-rufe-madauki tsarin servo
Wasu tsarin CNC servo suna amfani da na'urori masu rufaffiyar madauki. Lokacin daidaita tsarin servo-rufe-rufe-madauki, ya zama dole don tabbatar da cewa tsarin gida-rufe-rufe ba ya girgiza. Tun da cikakken tsarin servo na madauki yana yin gyare-gyaren ma'auni a kan yanayin cewa tsarin sa na kusa-rufe-rufe ya tsaya tsayin daka, su biyun suna kama da hanyoyin daidaitawa.
Tsarin servo na kusa-rufe-rufe a kaikaice yana ciyar da bayanan matsayi na kayan aikin injin ta hanyar gano kusurwar juyawa ko saurin motar. Lokacin daidaita sigogi, ana buƙatar kulawa da waɗannan abubuwan:
(1) Matsakaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin: Saitunan ribar madauki na sauri da haɓaka lokaci mai mahimmanci suna da babban tasiri akan kwanciyar hankali da saurin amsawar tsarin. Matsakaicin madaidaicin madauki zai haifar da amsawar tsarin da sauri kuma yana da saurin haifar da oscillation; yayin da tsayin dakakken lokaci mai tsayi zai rage saurin amsawar tsarin kuma yana shafar ingantaccen aiki.
(2) Matsakaicin madauki na matsayi: Daidaita madaidaicin ribar madauki na matsayi da sigogin tacewa na iya inganta daidaiton matsayi da kwanciyar hankali na tsarin. Ribar madauki mai tsayi da yawa zai haifar da oscillation, kuma tacewa na iya tace amo mai girma a cikin siginar amsawa kuma inganta kwanciyar hankali na tsarin.
Tsarin servo mai cikakken rufewa
Cikakken tsarin servo na madauki yana gane daidaitaccen kulawar matsayi ta hanyar gano ainihin matsayi na kayan aikin injin. Lokacin daidaita tsarin servo mai cikakken-rufe-rufe, ana buƙatar zaɓin sigogi a hankali don tabbatar da daidaito da daidaiton tsarin.
Daidaita siga na cikakken tsarin madauki na servo ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu zuwa:
(1) Matsayin madauki riba: Daidai da tsarin tsarin madauki-rufe-rufe, riba mai girman matsayi mai girma zai haifar da oscillation. Duk da haka, tun da cikakken tsarin madauki yana gano kurakuran matsayi daidai, za a iya saita ribar madauki na matsayi mafi girma don inganta daidaiton matsayi na tsarin.
(2) Matsakaicin madauki na sauri: Saitunan ribar madauki na sauri da ƙimar lokaci mai mahimmanci yana buƙatar daidaitawa gwargwadon halaye masu ƙarfi da buƙatun sarrafa kayan aikin injin. Gabaɗaya magana, za a iya saita ribar madauki na sauri sama da na tsarin madauki na kusa don inganta saurin amsawar tsarin.
(3) Matsalolin tacewa: Cikakken tsarin madauki ya fi kula da hayaniya a cikin siginar amsawa, don haka ana buƙatar saita sigogi masu dacewa don tace amo. Ya kamata a daidaita nau'in da zaɓin sigina na tacewa bisa ga takamaiman yanayin aikace-aikacen.
III. Karɓar aikin matsewa mai girma
Tattaunawar da ke sama game da hanyar inganta siga don ƙananan mitoci. Wani lokaci, tsarin CNC na kayan aikin na'ura na CNC zai haifar da siginar amsawa wanda ke dauke da haɗin kai mai girma saboda wasu dalilai na oscillation a cikin sashin injiniya, wanda ya sa karfin fitarwa ba ya dawwama kuma don haka yana haifar da girgiza. Don wannan yanayin juzu'i mai girma, ana iya ƙara hanyar haɗin gwal na ƙarancin wucewa ta farko zuwa madauki na sauri, wanda shine matattara mai ƙarfi.
Tace mai karfin juyi na iya yadda ya dace tace madaidaicin jituwa a cikin siginar amsawa, yana sanya karfin fitarwa ya fi karko kuma ta haka yana rage girgiza. Lokacin zabar ma'auni na matattarar wutar lantarki, ana buƙatar la'akari da waɗannan abubuwan:
(1) Mitar yankewa: Mitar yankewa tana ƙayyade ƙimar ƙimar tacewa zuwa sigina masu girma. Matsakaicin mitar yankewa zai shafi saurin mayar da martani na tsarin, yayin da maɗaukakiyar mitar yankewa ba za ta iya yin tasiri sosai wajen tace manyan jita-jita ba.
(2) Nau'in tacewa: Nau'in tacewa na gama gari sun haɗa da tace Butterworth, tacewa Chebyshev, da sauransu. Nau'in tacewa daban-daban suna da halayen amsa mitoci daban-daban kuma suna buƙatar zaɓi bisa takamaiman yanayin aikace-aikacen.
(3) Tsarin tacewa: Mafi girman tsari na tacewa, mafi kyawun sakamako na attenuation akan sigina mai girma, amma a lokaci guda, zai kuma ƙara nauyin lissafin tsarin. Lokacin zabar odar tacewa, aiki da kayan aikin lissafi na tsarin suna buƙatar la'akari sosai.
Tattaunawar da ke sama game da hanyar inganta siga don ƙananan mitoci. Wani lokaci, tsarin CNC na kayan aikin na'ura na CNC zai haifar da siginar amsawa wanda ke dauke da haɗin kai mai girma saboda wasu dalilai na oscillation a cikin sashin injiniya, wanda ya sa karfin fitarwa ba ya dawwama kuma don haka yana haifar da girgiza. Don wannan yanayin juzu'i mai girma, ana iya ƙara hanyar haɗin gwal na ƙarancin wucewa ta farko zuwa madauki na sauri, wanda shine matattara mai ƙarfi.
Tace mai karfin juyi na iya yadda ya dace tace madaidaicin jituwa a cikin siginar amsawa, yana sanya karfin fitarwa ya fi karko kuma ta haka yana rage girgiza. Lokacin zabar ma'auni na matattarar wutar lantarki, ana buƙatar la'akari da waɗannan abubuwan:
(1) Mitar yankewa: Mitar yankewa tana ƙayyade ƙimar ƙimar tacewa zuwa sigina masu girma. Matsakaicin mitar yankewa zai shafi saurin mayar da martani na tsarin, yayin da maɗaukakiyar mitar yankewa ba za ta iya yin tasiri sosai wajen tace manyan jita-jita ba.
(2) Nau'in tacewa: Nau'in tacewa na gama gari sun haɗa da tace Butterworth, tacewa Chebyshev, da sauransu. Nau'in tacewa daban-daban suna da halayen amsa mitoci daban-daban kuma suna buƙatar zaɓi bisa takamaiman yanayin aikace-aikacen.
(3) Tsarin tacewa: Mafi girman tsari na tacewa, mafi kyawun sakamako na attenuation akan sigina mai girma, amma a lokaci guda, zai kuma ƙara nauyin lissafin tsarin. Lokacin zabar odar tacewa, aiki da kayan aikin lissafi na tsarin suna buƙatar la'akari sosai.
Bugu da ƙari, don ƙara kawar da oscillation na kayan aikin injin CNC, ana iya ɗaukar matakai masu zuwa:
Inganta tsarin injiniya
Bincika sassan injiniyoyi na kayan aikin injin, kamar ginshiƙan jagora, screws, bearings, da dai sauransu, don tabbatar da cewa daidaiton shigarwarsu da yardawar dacewa sun dace da buƙatun. Don ɓangarorin da suka lalace sosai, maye gurbinsu ko gyara su cikin lokaci. A lokaci guda, daidaitaccen daidaita ma'aunin nauyi da ma'auni na kayan aikin injin don rage haɓakar girgizar injin.
Inganta ikon hana tsangwama na tsarin sarrafawa
Tsarin sarrafawa na kayan aikin injin CNC yana da sauƙin tasiri ta hanyar tsangwama na waje, kamar tsangwama na lantarki, canjin wutar lantarki, da sauransu.
(1) Ɗauki igiyoyi masu kariya da matakan ƙasa don rage tasirin kutse na lantarki.
(2) Sanya matatun wuta don daidaita ƙarfin wutar lantarki.
(3) Inganta software algorithm na tsarin sarrafawa don inganta aikin hana tsangwama na tsarin.
Kulawa da kulawa akai-akai
Yi aiki a kai a kai da kuma kula da kayan aikin injin CNC, tsaftace sassa daban-daban na kayan aikin injin, duba yanayin aiki na tsarin lubrication da tsarin sanyaya, da maye gurbin sassan da aka sawa da mai mai a cikin lokaci. Wannan na iya tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali na kayan aikin injin kuma rage abin da ya faru na oscillation.
Inganta tsarin injiniya
Bincika sassan injiniyoyi na kayan aikin injin, kamar ginshiƙan jagora, screws, bearings, da dai sauransu, don tabbatar da cewa daidaiton shigarwarsu da yardawar dacewa sun dace da buƙatun. Don ɓangarorin da suka lalace sosai, maye gurbinsu ko gyara su cikin lokaci. A lokaci guda, daidaitaccen daidaita ma'aunin nauyi da ma'auni na kayan aikin injin don rage haɓakar girgizar injin.
Inganta ikon hana tsangwama na tsarin sarrafawa
Tsarin sarrafawa na kayan aikin injin CNC yana da sauƙin tasiri ta hanyar tsangwama na waje, kamar tsangwama na lantarki, canjin wutar lantarki, da sauransu.
(1) Ɗauki igiyoyi masu kariya da matakan ƙasa don rage tasirin kutse na lantarki.
(2) Sanya matatun wuta don daidaita ƙarfin wutar lantarki.
(3) Inganta software algorithm na tsarin sarrafawa don inganta aikin hana tsangwama na tsarin.
Kulawa da kulawa akai-akai
Yi aiki a kai a kai da kuma kula da kayan aikin injin CNC, tsaftace sassa daban-daban na kayan aikin injin, duba yanayin aiki na tsarin lubrication da tsarin sanyaya, da maye gurbin sassan da aka sawa da mai mai a cikin lokaci. Wannan na iya tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali na kayan aikin injin kuma rage abin da ya faru na oscillation.
A ƙarshe, kawar da oscillation na kayan aikin injin CNC yana buƙatar cikakken la'akari da abubuwan injiniya da lantarki. Ta hanyar daidaita daidaitattun ma'auni na tsarin servo, ɗaukar aiki mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, haɓaka tsarin injiniya, haɓaka ikon hana tsangwama na tsarin sarrafawa, da aiwatar da kiyayewa da kiyayewa na yau da kullun, ana iya rage abin da ya faru na oscillation yadda ya kamata kuma ana iya inganta daidaiton mashin ɗin da kwanciyar hankali na kayan aikin injin.